Frequently Asked Questions, Hoof Diseases, Treatment & Prevention, Barefoot Trimming

Frequently Asked Questions

Below are articles and Q&A sections featuring some of your common hoof care questions. The topics are organized into similar groups for your convenience. Please remember that this info is not intended to diagnose or treat your Horse's condition. I will be more than happy to evaluate your Horse's unique needs and discuss options with you. Please contact me with any questions. Thanks!

Does my horse need shoes? Can we opt for front shoes only?

If your Horse is involved in competitive training and events, the answer is usually yes, shoes are recommended for traction and protection! On the other hand, trail riding and pleasure horses often can stay sound while Barefoot or in Hoof Boots. As for Horses that need shoes, some can be shod on the front hooves and remain Barefoot on the hinds. It varies with the work load, terrain, hoof conformation, and how well your Equine Partner does with just one pair of shoes. For frequent trail rides and demanding performance sports, I find that full sets of shoes provide more protection, however many horses do quite well with just the fronts shod if they are in the beginning stages of training. Sometimes, we put on full sets of shoes (all four hooves) when the level of activity increases. Approximately 60% of a horse’s weight is supported by the front hooves, so front hooves are shod often, however for specific performance disciplines, sliding plates, weighted shoes, or reining plates may be applied to back hooves.

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What is the recommended trimming and shoeing cycle interval?

This greatly depends on the rate of hoof growth, conformation, activity, and how the horse lands and loads its hooves during movement. Generally speaking, trimming and shoeing should be provided every 4-5 weeks for sport horses and every 6-8 weeks for pleasure horses. Here in South Florida, the schedule averages at 6 weeks since hooves grow faster in warmer climates. For show or therapeutic cases, I sometimes suggest to come back somewhere between the 4th and 5th week so we can track the progress and determine a schedule. This is done to keep your horse sound during the demanding workload, make adjustments in angles or therapeutics if needed, and see the hooves in order to recommend the best shoeing schedule for your horse's safety and needs.

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Is it normal for my horse to experience soreness after trimming and/or shoeing?

For an otherwise healthy footed Equine, soreness should NOT occur. A Barefoot Trim will not cause soreness when done correctly. New shoes should not cause soreness either!!! The internet is full of misinformation. It is not normal to experience any sensitivity unless other underlying hoof problems are present. With some therapeutic cases, a short adjustment period may follow, but even that is not expected too often. The concept behind trimming and shoeing is to provide relief and soundness.

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What is the difference between Steel, Aluminum, and Titanium shoes?

In general, Steel is used most often since it is durable, economical, and can sometimes be reset. It wears much less than Aluminum, but Aluminum is lighter in weight. Since it is a softer material, Aluminum is not as supportive to the hoof as Steel, but wider web made Aluminum shoes compensate for that. Aluminum is lighter and allows for more ease of movement, but it wears faster over the shoeing cycle. For performance horses, Aluminum shoes are often replaced every 4-5 weeks or less, whereas steel shoes can withstand more wear and sometimes be reset. For performance and eventing horses, the physical demands placed upon them usually warrant new shoes. Titanium offers some advantages. It is stronger than Steel, and almost as light as Aluminum. It can last through many shoeing cycles, sometimes allowing three to four resets. Titanium also dissipates both shock and heat to protect the hoof and joints. It is a great shoe for pleasure horses and performance riders, hunters, and jumpers. The drawback to Titanium is that it is a bit more costly, harder to find, and does not come in many varieties.

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What happens if my horse pulls off a shoe?

My clients seldom lose shoes, but I figure we should discuss this since it seems to be a problem for some! Even a mis-step or moment of poor coordination could loosen a nail clinch and after repeated pulling and leverage, this can result in the Horse bending and/or throwing the shoe. So, it is important to check clinches before any ride or training. This can become part of your routine when you pick out the hooves. Environmental conditions can also be the blame when a horse is kept in deep sand or moist, muddy terrain which can cause them to mis-step or step on their shoes. A pulled shoe might happen during strenuous work session caused by improper landing or even during a trailer ride without bell boots. A lost shoe that occurs in the last weeks of your horse's schedule usually indicates that your horse could try a shorter schedule, depending on the season and amount of riding. My clients horses dont lose shoes much, but I absolutely warranty my work within a reasonable time frame (depending on the type of shoeing and conditions) and I address re-tacking as soon as possible. Usually, I will come out the same day or the following day, so please phone me immediately. I will always treat it as an urgent need. If you do encounter a lost shoe, you should pack the sole with hoof packing or paint the sole in Venice Turpentine (if you have it) or just wrap the hoof in VetWrap. I always return calls promptly and I provide a dependable service. Your horse's safety and serviceability is my priority!

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Which shoes can have clips and why would I need them?

Both steel and aluminum performance shoes can be clipped. The clips may be forged by the farrier and configured as single front clips seated at the toe or two quarter clips, one on each side of the shoe. The purpose of clips is to stabilize the shoe, reduce shear forces exerted on the nails, and help during forward landing or side to side movement. A clip system is not necessary for all shod horses, but it provides benefits for those horses that need them and in general, most sport horses wear them!

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What are some examples of traction devices?

Traction devices come in many forms and they work to prevent slipping by gripping the ground. Some examples include additions that are integrated in certain shoes such as full rims which grip the ground surface better. Grabs and caulks are portions of extra metal that dig into the ground for more traction. Additionally, most synthetic shoes have sneaker-like tread. Other examples include those that we can add to shoes. This includes Borium welding which can be added at the heels and toes of steel shoes for increased traction. Also in this category are removable studs and caulks which can inserted and taken out by the owner after riding or sporting. Horses should not be stalled or turned out until the owner removes the screw-in traction device. Tungsten Carbide pins are another option as they absorb shock and eliminate the continual insertion and removal routine. They are a permanent addition since they are smaller in diameter and length. They provide traction and allow for less wear to the shoe. They are a nice fit for farm and pleasure horses whereas Borium is a bit better for walking on Blacktop and asphalt.

The picture on the left shows Borium Drill-Tec brazed on by oxy-acetylene. The middle picture shows a smaller P-13 drive-in stud in comparison to a larger screw-in stud. The last picture shows a couple variable options. Small carbide pins are inserted at the toe, the P13 drive-in studs and screw-in studs are at the heels. Note: This is for demonstration purposes. Only one traction type is used per shoe. Usually one at each heel and one at the toe.

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My performance horse competes in sporting events, what can you recommend?

I offer services tailored to your Equine’s discipline and needs. For performance horses, you and I can determine which type of shoe and shoeing schedule your horse will benefit from. I carry and fabricate variety of shoe configurations in steel, aluminum, titanium, and synthetic composition. Depending on your horse’s discipline, level of training, physical demands, and general hoof health, I will make my recommendations with your horse’s safety and performance as my guide. I can offer handmade shoes or use shoes that are created with precise disciplinary requirements in mind. Some common modifications include clips, rolled toe, rocker toe, extended heels, trailers, lateral extensions, wide web shoes for dressage, drill and tap for studs and full rims for hunters and jumpers, titanium shoes for durable training and frequent resets, synthetic grip shoes for shock absorption and vibration reduction, ultra-light aluminum rim shoes for Grand Prix style, polo rims, reigning plates, weighted shoes and staked pads for Gaited Horses, etc. An extensive list of options, customizable to your Horse's needs!

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Can we keep my horse Barefoot?

It sure depends on how well your horse is doing Barefoot! If your horse exhibits normal conformation, gait, stance, and is not sore after trail rides or light work, then no problem! All horses benefit from natural trimming, however for some, this is only half the battle in sound hoof care. Often times, boots or shoes are a necessary step to provide our Equine friends with protection and traction. Many horses can remain Barefoot, but this depends on their activity level, terrain, and general hoof health. For those who need to be shod, the precursor for applying shoes properly is a sound and natural trim. The trim is the most important part of hoof care! Shoes are then shaped and fit to the contours of the hoof.

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What is a Barefoot Trim and how does it differ from a regular Trim?

Many clients ask about the different trims out there...The styles and name dropping has gained some footing and speculation in the equine community. You may have heard of the Strasser method, the Jackson Trim, 4-point trim, Mustang Trim, Natural Balance Trim, and the list goes on. I most contend with the the Natural Balance Philosophy, but I do not limit my trimming to any one style. I believe that the right way to trim is to do right by the horse and trim according to the horse's conformation and needs. No one approach would be right for every hoof or every problem encountered. The style of trimming should be dynamic and adapted to what the horse needs. The principles of hoof balance and symmetry are the foundations here. For a barefoot horse, I carefully remove only portions of the frog and sole that are sloughing off and ready to be pared. This is because a barefoot horse exfoliates their own frog and sole, and generally needs little help from the farrier in this department. This is also where quite a few barefoot trimmers may over-trim and cause thinned, weakened soles. It is important to feel and inspect the sole, feel the sole callus, and see where the wear and contouring begins and ends. The goal is for the weight to be equally distributed and not just centered at the toe and heel pillars. Additionally, the frog pressure and heel length should be examined and corrected. It should be tailored to the hoof conformation, not forced and conformed to bear weight on just 4 points. A common mistake I see is over-trimming or unbalanced trimming of the heels and toe which can cause immense pain. Doing this type of damage means that angles have to be corrected or fabricated on site with repair acrylics and urethanes. Usually, we can get it right with the trim, but there are those cases that may need some extra support. Also, when completing a barefoot trim, I sometimes like to give the ground surface of the hoof wall a slight roll or bevel. This is commonly referred to as the "Mustang Roll". It is actually a very old technique that far predates the current barefoot movement. The roll helps prevent chipping and cracking of the hoofwall when the horse does not have a shoe to protect the hoof. It also aids in helping the ease of breakover during movement.

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What can I do to properly maintain my Barefoot Horse?

There are many steps we can take to make for a sound, Barefoot Equine. This includes routine trimming and avoiding overdue Farrier care to ensure that the hoof integrity is not compromised. Additionally, environment and work load must be considered. Listen to your Horse, if he is sore after a ride or sore on certain ground, get a good pair of boots. Some equines can do light work while barefoot, while others need the protection of boots and shoes. Trail riding and rough terrain are other factors that may warrant the use of shoes. You know when your Horse isn't right and you know when your Horse is doing great!

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What type of additional protection is available for my Barefoot Horse?

Checking the hooves regularly for cracks on the hoof wall and bruises on the sole from rocks and debris is an important facet of hoof care. If a horse is often tender soled or walks on asphalt and rocks, I usually like to apply a thick layer of Vettec SoleGuard to the soles. You can even do this yourself as Vettec sells smaller kits for horse owners. This urethane coating sets flush to the sole and provides protection and cushioning for about 3 weeks. It can be considered a protective pad for barefoot horses and eliminates the need for picking out the hooves. If a weak or brittle hoofwall is present, I recommend an acrylic repair or reinforcement and this application lasts until the sealed hoof wall grows out and is trimmed. Many of my clients appreciate this since it is lasting and helps to seal in moisture and prevent further chipping or cracking. I like Hawthorne's S-PAK for the Do-It-Yourself Folks!

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How will I be sure that my Barefoot Horse needs shoes?

Some horses just cannot do the work expected of them in a barefoot state and despite the best of trimming, some cases do warrant the use of boots or shoes. Tell tale signs of this are flat, thinned, ouchy soles, sole bruising, hoofwall flares, hoof chipping, hoof cracking, and lameness during or after work. Many horses may do light work while barefoot, but for those that need extra support, I often suggest a Sole-Guard pour-in pad for barefoot hooves, a urethane build-on shoe, or some type of extra protection whether it be nail-less or nailed-traditional shoes.

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What are the differences between the rubber and synthetic shoes you carry?

I carry a variety of synthetic shoes for your Equine’s needs. Synthetic shoes are made of durable, yet flexible urethanes and have been proven to greatly reduce the shock and vibration that is felt on hard ground surfaces. They also prevent slipping since they have deep treading traction grips. This often means for a sound and balanced Equine. These shoes are fantastic for eventing horses, riders, dressage competitors, jumpers, and pleasure horses. They also have a variety of therapeutic applications and most have a built in bar to equally distribute weight-load. Some synthetic shoes even have extra frog support integrated within the shoe. I have used them with great success for some Founder and Navicular cases as well. The Epona shoe’s unique features include a composition of four different polyurethanes. The exterior urethane that contacts the ground is a durable material with a second type of stronger urethane that is rigid for traction grips. The sole surface is made of a flexible material that allows fluidity during movement. Finally, the last type of urethane that contacts the frog is soft and cushion-like. The Epona shoes are best applied with nails and adhesive. They also have internal steel stiffeners to keep the shoe nailed on and keep them durable. Carbide traction tips and mesh pad overlay can be included. The Easywalker shoes have a unique clip system wherein three clips are integrated per shoe. This greatly enhances their staying power. The traction and grips are excellent as well. They also have a built in bar system and the integrated pad can function as a snow-pad or a sole pad when needed. The most economically priced synthetic shoe is by Ground Control. These shoes have a built in bar and they offer frog support. Lastly, the Ollov shoes are a lot like the EasyWalker shoes except they are steel encased in rubber. Ollov shoes are used often for Police Horses, Disney Horses, and Festival Horses as they all walk on blacktop and asphalt frequently and need reinforced protection.

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What are nail-less shoes and when are they used?

Nail-less shoes are any shoes that can be attached with durable and lasting adhesive as opposed to nails. Not to worry, adhesive has been well formulated with years of research and trials. The adhesives I elect to use for these applications are tried and true performance-grade products including Equilox or Vettec Adhere. They typically last a full shoeing cycle contrary to their predecessors. This is a nice application for horses that do not have the hoofwall integrity needed for nailing or when a client does not want to use nails. It is also done for diseased or impaired hoof conditions during rehabilitation. These applications have helped many of my clients’ horses in ways that have astounded both myself and their veterinarians. Once the hoof regains its strength, we can move on to more traditional shoeing methods if you would like. I can affix any shoe without the use of nails, however the best way to do this is to utilize a cuff system as seen in the Soundhorse Technologies shoes. These cuffs can be integrated with the shoe (Series I) or they can be attached to just about any metal shoe (Series III). Please contact me for further info and visit SoundHorse’s website. Other dependable shoes that respond well to adhesive are the Epona shoes and Yasha shoes. We can even custom make urethane shoes such as the Quix shoe!

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My horse has a hoof crack, should I be worried?

Severe cracking or chipping is an indication of stress, trauma, uneven weight distribution, or other hoof-health problems and should be properly assessed with your farrier. Cracks are more likely to happen among Horses that are not kept shod, and if they present at the base of the hoof or are superficial in depth, they are often pared away during trimming. Larger and deeper cracks can and will cause serious movement and weight-baring problems; they should be debrided, stabilized, and protected from causing further damage with Kevlar mesh and a repair acrylic. This stabilizes the crack, prevents bacteria from entering, and allows your horse to feel more comfortable and bare weight properly. Every 1/8’’ of Repair Acrylic can carry 5,000 pounds of tensile strength, so it is a superior choice in restoring hoof wall integrity and facilitating crack repair. For extreme cracks or quarter cracks, I will clean the area thoroughly, apply a urethane on both sides of the crack, then lace-up the crack with sutures. This is a superior method to using a plate or lacing the hoof itself. We can also add a drain to allow the rider or groom to irrigate and flush out the area daily. This restores strength and prevents larger crack formation until the hoof growth moves the crack further away from the coronary band. This is especially important since the coronary band is the source for all new hoof-growth. Please understand that these cracks should be treated as soon as possible to prevent bacteria from forming in the crevice and penetrating inside the hoof wall. Should bacteria enter, a hoof re-section and medical irrigation might be necessary first!

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What is the difference between the different Vettec pour-in pads?

Vettec produces an entire line of Urethane-based products for Equine hooves. They eliminate the need to pick out the hooves and they provide cushioning and comfort to the soles. I find these products to be very helpful in many of my therapeutic cases. As discussed above, the Vettec Sole-Guard is a great option for sole protection on barefoot horses; it essentially replaces a pad and cushions the sole against gravel and rocks. I use it often for horses who are having their hind shoes removed during the off-season or barefoot horses who need extra comfort and protection. Another great product is Equi-Pak CS, a medicated pour-in pad for Equines suffering from Thrush. It is also gentle enough to use as a thrush preventative as well. I have had a lot of success with this product and I find it really helps shod horses. For shod equines with thin soles, I like to use Equi-Pak, as it is a great product to help cushion the area and stimulate healthy hoof growth. The other product I keep in my toolbox is Sil-Pak, a silicon packing for Horses who need soft cushioning on their very tender soles. This product is used in conjunction with pads. Lastly, Equi-build is my choice for horses who have brittle hooves and need strong sole-protection to relieve the hoofwall until it regains integrity.

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My horse has low, underrun heels, what can we do?

This is a situation that I would have to see in person to better address, but to give you an idea of a few options, I sometimes proceed by using banana shoes that are rolled in the toe and in the heels, or wedge pads with impression material. For Barefoot Horses, Equi-Pak Superfast is an option to try. Superfast is a urethane product that enables me to change heel and toe angles, add extensions, or create full temporary shoes. This product seems to last about 4 weeks and again, it allows for 5,000 pounds of tensile strength per every 1/8’’ of application. It has helped many of my clients’ horses regain their footing and confidence. Sometimes, we then proceed to shod wedge treatments and sometimes, we don’t need to. Generally speaking, low or cushed heels requires ongoing maintenance, but doing so will keep your Horse staying sound and prevent further problems for as long as possible. Often, low or underrun heels accompany excessive and long toe growth. It is important to take care of all distortions at each appointment and to make sure your horse stays on a 4-5 week schedule to avoid problems.

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What is hoof packing and impression material?

Hoof packing is a putty-like substance that is used to fill and cushion the sole and frog when extra comfort is needed. It aids in the prevention and relief of sole bruising and is often used to provide a cushion between a pad and the sole. It can be medicated with pain-relieving Analgesics to soothe the hoof as well when needed. The packing that I prefer to use is a combination of Pine Tar, Venetian Turpentine, and Iodine. These ingredients all possess wonderful anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties. Impression material is the same compound used in making Dental molds. It functions similarly, it is usually contoured against the frog and heels in the use of therapeutic shoes. It is unique in that it cures to a precise firmness ranging from hard to extra soft, as needed by your Equine partner.

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My horse is often ouchy in his soles, is there anything I can do?

This is something that is often heard from Horse owners with Barefoot Horses that get worked on Trail rides. Try a Pair of quality Hoof Boots on your ride and you will see the difference! Providing other hoof problems do not exist, I like to use Durasole and Venetician Turpentine as a regimen for general thin soles on barefoot or shod hooves. These products can help toughen the sole and prevent bacterial problems, but they must be applied every few days on clean, picked hooves. Also a Sugardine poultice is another recommendation for specific cases. For barefoot horses, the Vettec SoleGuard Contouring pad is an excellent solution, but it is not a replacement for situations which warrant an equine wearing shoes. Instead, the other Vettec contouring pad applications are to be used with shoes and they provide wonderful support. Often times, shoes alleviate some sole problems since they elevate the soles and provide protection. Sometimes, few shoeing sessions with Vettec pour in pads, rim/full pads, or leather pads also help greatly when needed.

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My horse is suffering from Thrush, what can I do?

To combat an active case of Thrush, it is imperative that we take both the environment and hoof health into account. Cleaning the hooves and picking them out frequently is just one aspect of treatment and prevention. Additionally, a moist and muddy environment should be avoided as much as possible; dry bedding and clean stall conditions are recommended. When these suggestions are coupled alongside routine farrier care, it is a sure win. For active Thrush, I often pare and debride the frog and clefts to expose the anaerobic microbes to air and remove the dead tissue. This must be done before topical or irrigated medication is performed. So, we first clean the area and then we expose the area to Clean Trax or White Lightening. Doing so allows the medication to truly penetrate the area for best results. Following a proper trim and detailed paring, we may want to proceed with a medical-grade vapor irrigation soak. For more severe cases, I like to follow this vapor soak with a hospital plate installation. This can help with medicating the area and keeping it clean while treating a very bad case of Thrush. For less severe cases, "Today" Mastitis medication can be applied with hoof packing and allowed to fall out naturally. The longer lasting option I can provide is an application of Vettec Equi-Pak CS. This is a Thrush medicated pour-in pad that treats and prevents Thrush, while eliminating the need for the owner to pick out the hooves. I have had great success with these techniques.

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I suspect my horse may have an abscess, what should we do?

Any crevice in the hoofwall or sole can form an anaerobic environment for bacteria to thrive. Depending on the symptoms, sometimes an abscess can be exposed early on. This can help prevent the infection from traveling to the coronet and subsequently, the tendons. The inflammation is pressurized under the weight of the hoof so it may rupture anyway. Ruptures usually occur at the sole or at the coronary band, taking the path of least resistance. For a bruised sole or hoofwall, it is important to do an initial Epsom salt soak to draw out any inflammation. The Vet or Farrier may lightly pare the hoofwall and some frog to remove damaged exterior. This should be followed by poultice therapy and your Vet may prescribe antibiotics as well. Once the sensitivity has decreased a bit, a bar- shoe may protect the weakened hoofwall. Additionally, keeping the area clean will be crucial in healing.

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What is a hospital plate and when is it needed?

A hospital plate is a durable plate that is screwed on or attached to the sole of the shoe. It has a removable face for easy accessibility to the sole and frog area. It is useful in applying sole poultices, analgesic packing, or medicating the sole itself. It allows the owner to apply medication to the sole, cover the plate, screw it on, and really have the medication penetrate to the sole and frog. The owner can then unscrew it later and reapply medication as needed. It helps the owner care for the sole everyday or as needed, until the vet and farrier can check up. This really speeds the healing process. It also eliminates the need to pick out the hooves and it prevents bacteria from entering. It is used for thin soles, Thrush, severe infection, and Abscess Recovery. Here are some examples...

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My horse may have White Line Disease, what are possible treatment plans?

Depending on the extent of the condition, I do provide medicated vapor treatments to combat the issue. If the problem is in an advanced stage, a hoof resection would be the best option. This involves the removal of diseased, necrotic, dorsal hoofwall and sometimes, therapeutic or adhesive- based shoes to provide balanced weight distribution on an otherwise weakened hoof. All cases will vary and I would need to see the extent of this problem in person to recommend a proper treatment plan.

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My horse has Foundered, what can we do?

Founder is the crippling condition that results when the laminae begin to weaken and fray. This causes the coffin bone to rotate, the bony column to sink, or sometimes both. If caught in early stages, therapeutic shoes and metabolic balance can help prevent severe problems. The damage worsens when the hoof capsule rotates away from its correct position. Founder can be either acute or chronic. Any major metabolic imbalance to the horse can cause a founder episode. Carbohydrate overload is not the only cause. New research shows that many metabolic problems play a role. Some possible insults include drug interactions, retained placenta, excessive heat, and excessive stress. Mechanical damage or injury to the hoof without protective shoes may also result in a founder episode. The first step is to identify the cause and try to eliminate it from the equation. Often times, avoiding overdue farrier care, enforcing a carbohydrate restriction, implementing a light exercise regimen on soft ground with light trims and proper therapeutic shoes is the way to proceed. Radiographs and vet consults are highly recommended. There a variety of therapeutic applications to make your horse more comfortable and to treat and many times, reverse the mechanical damage. I will gladly work alongside your vet on these cases when asked. There are many options available!

The animation image on the left shows the hoof capsule SINKING. The image on the right shows ROTATION. Watch the photo for a few seconds to see the animation. This is why it is imperative to contact your Vet and Farrier at the first signs of lameness!

More Topics coming soon...

Finding and Keeping a Good Farrier
Training Your Horse to Stand Well for the Farrier
Hot Fitting- Why is this important for my Horse?
Types of Horseshoes and Handmade Modifications
Hoof Cracks, Repairs, & Reconstruction
Types of Horseshoe Pads, Packing, Impression Materials
Handling Foals & creating Foal Extensions when needed
Evaluating Your Farrier's Quality of Work
Treating and Preventing Founder and Laminitis
Caudal Heel Pain and Navicular Syndrome
Long Toe, Low Heels, and Club Foot Cases
Hoof Supplements, Diets, & Veterinary Diagnostics
Please check back soon for more FAQ!